Enlightenment+Individuals

Melanie Ordonez

 What specific individuals and their works were involved in the Enlightenment of the 18th century?

ü mechanic (God) who had created the universe ü God had no direct direct involvement world he created. || ü change the world not just discuss it. ||  ||
 * **Social Change** ||= **Religion Change** ||
 * Rousseau-Humans in chains because of the government, father of Romanticism, Emile(modern education), Social Contract, conclusions dictated by emotions. || Diderot- attended University of Paris, writer,Twenty-eight volume encyclopedia, ideas of Enlightenment were spread further ||
 * Wollstonecraft-Vindication...,women have reason, entitled with rights, European feminism || Voltaire-Arouet, religious toleration, freedom of thought, “Crush the infamous thing” = religious fanaticism, intolerance and superstition,//“Candide”// humor to attack religious intolerance. ||
 * Condorcet-“//The Progress of the Human Mind”,//Humans have nine stages of history, with spread of science and reason, humans now entering tenth stage=perfection || Bayle-Protestant, while attacking superstition, religious intolerance, challenged several traditional pictures of Bible in “Historical .. Dictionary” ||
 * Hume-Scottish, “//Treatise on Human Nature”,// Observation and reflection made possible ‘science of man’ || Deism - built upon Newtonian world-machine – existence of a
 * D'Hollbach-German, strict atheism and materialism, //“System of Nature”// Humans were machines, God unnecessary for moral life (requires only reason) || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Pascal-scientific method, wrote the //Pensees,// the former set in the conflict between Jansenists and Jesuits ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Locke-English philosopher, “//Essay Concerning Human Understanding//” humans born with //tabula rasa,// a blank mind || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Skepticism - a doubtful or questioning attitude, especially about religion. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Descartes-believed in cartesian dualism ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Smith-- “…//Wealth of Nations//” supply-demand -end protective tariffs, Labor theory of value – labor (not land or gold) constituted real wealth of nation//,// State should not interfere with economy//:// Provide army, police, public works ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">"Discourse on the Origin of Equality"- primitive condition, no laws…in order to preserve private property…humans rushed into chains (government an evil necessity) ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">"__Social Contract__ "-individual liberties with government, //General Will (communities greatest aspirations)// ‘forced to be free’ ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Cartesian Dualism-separation of mind and matter by Descartes ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">"Vindication of the Rights of Women"-by Wollstonecraft, women have reason, therefore entitled to same rights ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Philosophes - intellectuals of the Enlightenment
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Physiocrats - modern economics, discover natural economic laws govern human society ||  ||

Thesis Statement: The Enlightenment period reflected views from Philosophes and deism in both social and religious changes.

http://www.wsu.edu/~brians/hum_303/enlightenment.html