Society+of+the+Industrial+Revolution,+Age+of+Progress,+and+Modern+Times

Derek Tran

__**Industrial Revolution 18th-19th century**__ __**Age of Progress-(Second Industrial Revolution) 1850-1910**__
 * Population Growth-**
 * population of Europe in 1750- 140 million, in 1850- 266 million. This was due to a decline in death rates due to a decline in famines, epidemics, war, general stability of food supply..
 * By 1850 industrialized areas see increase in population involved with industry, still most of Europe is still predominantly agricultural, this "minimal industrialization" caused greater congestion of population
 * 1845-51- Irish Great Famine, shows emigration is a solution to overpopulation( Ireland and Germany), more often than emigrating, rural masses would urbanize, shown in 1st half of 19th century
 * Growth of Cities-**
 * cities were quickly becoming centers for industry
 * the rapid urbanization led to more unsanitary and inhumane living conditions for many inhabitants, Edwin Chadwick, called for health reforms
 * The Industrial Middle Class-**
 * Industry entrepreneurs- the early ones were tasked with setting market price, raising capital, setting standard for that industry, fear of bankruptcy was constant, but the gains were immense if successful
 * Working Class-**
 * horrible working conditions, Factory Acts of 1833 in England addressed the issues
 * Trade Unions were formed to gain benefits and prevent new workers from coming in
 * more laws to protect workers
 * The Second Industrial Revolution gave more opportunities for women to work as white collar workers
 * The desire to improve working and living conditions led to formations political parties like the German Social Democratic Party (SPD)- based on improving workers conditions
 * The Emergence of Mass Society**
 * Population between 1850-1910, rises from 270 million to 460 million due to medical discoveries and improved environmental conditions
 * Major urbanization
 * Redesigning of cities
 * Wealth shifted from the elite to the upper middle class
 * middle class consisted of well-to-do jobs, white collar
 * Lower class constituted 80% of European population, ordered from elite of the working class, highly skilled laborers, semi skilled laborers, and unskilled laborers
 * compulsory primary education
 * mass leisure