Renaissance

Harry Qi

Topic: Renaissance *The following list of concrete details can be used to support one’s thesis on prompt 1(1996), 6(1998), 4(2004), and 1(2006). ** Political ** **-**Milan. Highly centralized territorial state. Successful taxation. -Federigo da Montefeltro- ruled Urbino from 1444 to 1482. Patron of Renaissance culture. -Condottieri- mercenary soldiers leader. -Balance of Power: to prevent the aggrandizement of any one state at the expense of others (in Italy). -Peace of Lodi: ended almost half century of war. -A loss of states alliances made invasion a fact of life in Italian history. -development of modern diplomacy (change in rules of ambassadors). ** Humanism ** -humanism: a form of education and culture based on the study of the classics. -secular -Petrarch: father of the Italian Renaissance humanism. -Cicero: model for prose. -Virgil: model for poetry. -Leonardo Bruni: New Cicero. -Study of the humanities should be put to the service of the state. -Lorenzo Valla: Donation of Constantine was a forgery. - Poggio Bracciolini: Facetiae, a lighthearted collection of jokes -Marsilio Ficino: translation of Plato’s dialogues. -Neoplatonism -Hermeticism -Giovanni Pico della Mirandola. The Oration of the Dignity of Man -The dominating element in the finest classical culture was aesthetic ** Education ** -human beings could be dramatically changed by education. -Vittorino da Feltre -“liberal studies”: History (most important), poetry, math, astronomy, and music. -Pietro Paolo Vergerio: wrote Concerning Character. -education mainly for elites, the ruling classes of community. ** Art ** -primary goal is the imitation of nature. -Search for naturalism. -Human beings became the focus of attention. -Paolo Uccello: laws of perspective. -Antonio Pollaiuolo: Martyrdom of St. Sebastian -Sandro Botticelli: Primavera or Spring -Donato di Donatello: statue of David -Filippo Brunelleschi: Church of San Lorenzo. -Architects sought to reflect a human centered world. -High Renaissance -Leonardo da Vinci: Last Supper. Use of perspective -Rafael: School of Athens. -Michelangelo: Marble David -Donato Bramante: The Tempietto. -Patrons played an important role. -Talented individuals became artists in stead of artisans. -circles of the upper classes. -The Platonic Academy and Renaissance -Northern: rendering details. -Jan van Eyck: oil paint. Accurate portrayal of details to imitate nature. -Durer: Adoration of the Magi. Mix of North and Italy. -Artists were heroes. -apprentices -Patronages of art included: Cosimo de Medici, Lorenzo Medici, -Pope Sixtus IV: ordering of the construction of Sistine Chapel. -In Naples, the Renaissance was ushered in under the patronage of Alfonso. -Patronage society

Works Cited  “Italian Renaissance.” //New World Encyclopedia//. N.p., 24 Apr. 2008. Web. 26 Apr. 2011. .  Kreis, Steven. “Renaissance Humanism.” //The History Guide//. N.p., 7 Nov. 2008. Web. 26 Apr. 2011. .