Thirty+Years+War

Stacy Luu

Prompt: Evaluate the relative importance of the religious rivalries and dynastic ambitions that shaped the course of the Thirty Years’ War.


 * Possible Thesis**: The battle between Catholicism and Calvinism and the need for more land and power were some of the religious and dynastic ambitions that shaped the course of the Thirty Year' War as the "last of the religious wars".

How I would set up this FRQ: P1: Intro P2: Religious rivalries in Thirty Years’ War (Below) P3: Dynastic ambitions in Thirty Years’ War (Below) P4: How they are both important & how it shaped the course of the Thirty Years’ War (Below) P5: Conclusion __Outline __ Religious rivalries: v The struggle between Catholicism and Calvnism. v Conflict with Bourbon dynasty of France and Habsburg dynasties of Spain and HRE (Holy Roman Empire). v “Last of the religious wars”. v Started off as a war about religion, but ended up being about dynastic power. v The Peace of Augsburg did not recognize Calvinism. v <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Frederick IV (Calvinist ruler of Palatinate) formed Protestant Union. v <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Catholic League of German states by Duke Maximilian in South Germany. v <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Protestant Union (Aided by the Dutch, English, French) vs Catholic League (Aided by HRE, Spain). v <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">The Bohemian Phase accepted Archduke Ferdinand as king. Tried Catholicizing Bohemia. v <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Ferdinand declared Catholicism as sole religion. v <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Battle of Nordlingen (Swedish Phase). SGermany would remain Catholic. v <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Peace of Westphalia: Determined that all German states got to chose their own religion.

<span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;">Dynastic ambitions: v <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Charles V abdicated and divided empire. v <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Spain took over western part of Palatinate and Duke Maximilian of Bavaria took rest of territory. v <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Danish Phase: Another attempt to get more land by King Christian IV of Denmark. Lead army into NGermany to get control of southern Baltic. He failed. v <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Swedish Phase: Gustavus Adolphus to revive Sweden and make it into a great Baltic power. Aided by the French. v <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Franco-Swedish Phase: Religious issues losing significance. v <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Battle of Rocroi: the French beat Spain and ended military greatness v <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">With Peace of Westphalia, France gained parts of Western Germany. Sweden and Germany gained territory in Germany. Austrians did not lose anything. HRE recognized as independent states.

<span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;">Importance/How it shaped the war

v <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Religious rivalries importance: Before The Thirty Years’ War, most of the wars were about religion. After the war, the precedent was established that there would be no more interfering of politics/religion v <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">How it shaped the war: It made Europeans realize that they should let the European states choose their own religion. v <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Dynastic importance: After Thirty Years’ War, war was about land and owning land to get power. v <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">How it shaped the war: It was about land and gaining power the whole time, but a minor clash with religion. v <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Peace of Westphalia v <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Peace of Pyrenees

<span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">2 outside sources: <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">Bebb, Phillip N. "Thirty Years' War." //World Book Advanced//. World Book, 2011. Web. 26 Apr. 2011. Spielvogel, Jackson J. "Western Civilization."