30+Years+War

Samantha Levine

Thirty Years’ War.
 * Causes
 * France=threatened by surrounding Hapsburg empires
 * Charles son, Phillip inherited Spain, Netherlands, Italy and New World
 * Brother Ferdinand becomes HRE emperor and receives possessions in Austria and east Europe
 * Germany-tensions between Catholics and Calvinists
 * Protestant Elector Frederick IV makes Protestant Union while Duke Maximilian makes south German state of Baravria
 * Ambitions
 * Spain wants Netherlands
 * Austria-consolidate holdings in Austria and Bohemia, eliminate Protestantism and establish stronger central authority
 * HRE-frustrated at lack of authority in German lands
 * Alliances
 * Protestants-Dutch,English, and French
 * Catholics-Spain and HRE
 * Bohemian phase
 * Bohemian estates (Calvinists)=unhappy with Ferdinand
 * Ferdinand begins Catholiicizing Bohemia
 * Bohemian estates throw Ferdinand out window and seize Bohemia
 * Elect Frederick V
 * Ferdinand defeats Frederick V at Battle of White Mountain;Frederick loses Palentine to Spain
 * Ferdinand reestablishes Catholicism and takes away privileges of Protestants
 * Danish Phase
 * Protestant King Christian IV of Denmark leads army into north Germany
 * Albrecht Von Wallenstein defeats Danes and occupies north Germany;ended Danish involvement in Thirty Years War
 * Swedish Phase
 * Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden makes Sweden to great Baltic power; wants a Swedish Lake out of the Baltic Sea and wants to aid Lutherans in Germany
 * Forces won at Battle of Lutzen against Wallenstein
 * Forces lost at Battle of Nordlingen and Germans drove Swedes out
 * Germany remained Catholic
 * Franco Swedish phase
 * Battles
 * Sweden in north Germany and French in Netherlands
 * French beat Spanish and bring end to Spanish miltary greatness at Battle of Rocroi
 * Peace
 * Peace of Westphalia