Conservatism

Derek Tran

1815-30 Conservatism is seen in domestic affairs too
 * Reaction to Napoleon's defeat to contain revolution and restore the old order
 * Quadruple Alliance of GB, Austria, Prussia and Russia restored Bourbon monarchy with Louis XVIII and met at a congress in Vienna(1814) to discuss Europe's future
 * congress led my Klemens von Metternich, Austrian foreign minister
 * Klemens is guided by principle of legitimacy- re-establish legitimate monarchs to preserve traditional institutions therefore reestablishing peace and stability in Europe
 * Poland was split to keep the balance of power in check
 * conservatism- the community took precedence over individual rights, society must be ordered, tradition is the best guide for the order
 * creation of Concert of Europe to maintain new status quo, addition of France makes it the Quintuple Alliance, Metternich advocates policy of intervention with Spain and Italy while GB rejects it
 * intervention used in Greece (1821-32) to overthrow Turk rules, gave Greeks a German king
 * in GB- Tories managed to keep old order until 1830
 * France-Louis XVIII moderation threatened by ultraroyalists who advocated conservatism, they succeeded when Charles X comes to power, this leads to major unrest and France is on the brink of another revolution..
 * Germany- Burschenschaften- student society threaten conservatism, Karlsbad Decrees(1819) shut them down
 * Russia- Nicholas I crush Northern Union rebellion after Alexander I death and turned reactionary 1825-55