The+Beginning+of+Astronomy+during+the+Enlightment

Vanessa Salvanera

//**Compare & Contrast the ideas of Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, Galileo, & Newton during the Enlightment Era**// __Copernicus__ -felt that Ptomely's geocentric system was too complicated -created a simpler version called 'heliocentric' -used astronomical & mathematical calculations -believed the eight spheres occupied the universe, sun did not move & stayed in the center in order for the 6 planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, & Saturn) to revolve around it. Though the moon revolved aroung the Earth. The rotations occured year by year

__Brahe__ -created a more advanced model of the solar system -believed that the planets excluding the Earth revolved around the sun & the sun revolved around the Earth -built the Uraniborg castle where he kept all his observations & instruments that aided him with astronomy

__Galileo__ -created the telescope, used it to observe the universe systematically -discovered mountains & craters on the moon, Jupiter's 4 moons, sunspots, & the phases of Venus -supported heliocentric -discovered the principle of inertia -theory of dynamics

__Kepler__ -his work seperated magic & science -attracted to the Hermetic thought & Neoplatonic mathematical magic -issued the three laws of planetary motion:
 * orbits of the planets around the sun were elliptical & the sun was the focus of the elliptical
 * planet's speed increases when it is close to the sun & decreases when it is distant from the sun
 * planets that have larger orbits revolve slower than average than the ones with smaller orbits

__Newton__ -invented Calculus ): -investigated light &its compositions -closely worked on gravity & its meaning -issued the three laws of motion:
 * every object continues in motion of a straight line unless interrupted by an opposie force
 * rate of change of an object's motion is equal to the force acting on it
 * every action always has an equal or opposite reaction

Thesis Statement: Enlightment Era consisted of 5 determined astronomers trying to conquer & understand the universe with the creation of math, laws, models, telescopes, & the use of the 'heliocentric' theory. 