Thirty+Years'+War

Rosi Gardner Thirty Years' War

Reasons for the start of the Thirty Years' War -twelve year truce -the religious civil war in Holy roman Empire -Holy Roman Empire and state disagreements -Tensions -protestants in HRE wanting freedom(phillips)
 * Spain wanted the Netherlands again
 * Bourbons (french) vs. Habsburg (Spain)
 * Spanish vs. Dutch

Bohemian Phase (1618-1625) -Bohemian estates(Calvinist) chose archduke Ferdinand(catholic) to be king -resistance of nobles -Bohemian nobles threw 2 Habsburg governors and and a secretary out of the Prague Palace's window -deposed of Ferdinand, and replaced him with Elector Frederick V (protestant) -Battle of White Mountain
 * recatholization of Bohemia

Danish Phase (1625-1629) -King Christian IV of Denmark(Lutheran) supports protestant -leader of HRE-Wallenstein -Danish crush Wallenstein-Edict of Restitution
 * invades northern Germany
 * Ferdinand II
 * prohibits calvinist worship and restored catholic church

Swedish Phase (1630-1635) -Gustavus Adolphus-Sweden-made it a Baltic power -Battle of Luzten -Battle of Nordlingen -emperor annuls Edict of Restitution
 * swedish victory
 * swedish lose
 * wallenstein killed

Franco Swedish Phase(1635-1648) -French help swedish -politics become more important than religion -Battle of Rocori -Swedish lose control of the north
 * invade HRE
 * french beat spain

Peace of Westphalia -germans stay independent, but weak -french are not threatened anymore -french gain control of some German land -religion and politics are to be kept separate -much tension between states (phillips)
 * pope is ignored in all decisions

Phillips, Charles, and Alan Axelrod. "Thirty Years' War." //Encyclopedia of Wars//, vol. 3. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2005. //Modern World History Online//. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp? ItemID=WE53&iPin=EWAR1559&SingleRecord=True (accessed April 25, 2011).